Carla Lanca¹ (), Robert Volcic^1,2,3; ¹New York University Abu Dhabi, ²Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, New York University Abu Dhabi, ³Center for Brain and Health, New York University Abu Dhabi

The use of simulation to degrade visual function is an essential tool in visual perception research. However, there are no standardised protocols for simulating different diseases and levels of impairment. Here, we explore various methods used to degrade visual function, inclusion criteria for selection based on participant’s baseline visual functions, and discuss potential advantages and limitations of each method. Methods such as spherical and toric lenses, Bangerter filters, fog filters, Cambridge simulation glasses, cataract glasses, prisms, and goggles for simulating visual field lesions are described. Their effects on visual functions, including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, stereoacuity and visual field, are also discussed. Simulations may not always fully replicate true visual impairment, mainly due to age of onset of the disease, lack of adaptation to the specific visual condition, and the presence of multiple deficits in patients. Nevertheless, simulations allow the study of sudden and acute visual loss and short-term adaptation processes, and may contribute to developing improved rehabilitation strategies for patients with ophthalmic diseases.

Acknowledgements: We acknowledge the support of the NYUAD Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics and the NYUAD Center for Brain and Health, funded by Tamkeen under the NYUAD Research Institute Awards CG010 and CG012.